Power loom for the manufacture of pile fabrics



Nov. 6, 1928.

P. VE NAIL POWER LOOM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS Filed July 14, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 6, 1928.

P. VENAIL POWER LOQM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PILB' FABRICS 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filecl July 14, 1925 Nov. 6, 1928, 1,690,802 P. VENAIL POWER LOOM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FILE FABRICS Filed July 14, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Nov. 6, 1928. 1,690,802

I P. VENAIL POWER LOOM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS Filed July 14, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Nov. 6, 1928.

P. VENAIL POWER LOOM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS Filed July 14, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 labourrequired and increas Patented Nov. 6, 1928.

I UNITED STATES PATENT ounce...

PAUL VENAIL, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

POWER LOOM I OR THE MANUFACTURE OF IILE FABRICS.

Application filed July 154, 1925, Serial m. 43,613, and in France August 4, 1924.

The present invention relates to the manufacture of pile fabrics more particularly oriental, Persian, wound and other knot-stitch carpets bymeans of mechanically operated carpet looms of the kindwherein warpselectin'g combs and tuft-yarn inserters aroused for winding the tuft-s round the warps. The

general manner of operation of such looms is as follows: The warp threads are usually arranged vertically and are as a rule divided into two lines which are crossed for passing through the weft, the foundation or ground I in certain predetermined groups by means of selectors or combs so as to provide the necessary spaces for the passage of the tuft.

yarn inserters which also serve for winding round the groups of warps the tuft-yarn used for making the knot-stitches between two consecutive weft picks. I

The mechanical manufacture of knotstitch carpets by means of this known kind of power looms is very limited owing to the very complicated construction and operation oi the looms, their high cost, the necessity of using; very skilled and expensive labour, and the very low output which was mainly due to the fact that the working process employed was a reproduction of th manual process employed in carpet making. According tothis process. tuft-yarn lengths were inserted between two wett picks which were exactly sufiicicnt for passing and knotting the stitches. Thisoperation requires. a consids erable amount of manual work and causes a great loss of time which is spent in removing the tuft-yarn insert'ers and placing: them back in the required position in the carrier or box. in accordance ih the required order of colours for producing the "pattern or design.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the drawbacks and ditliculties mentioned above by providingan improved car.- pet loom-of the general type referred to but of simplified construction and operation. The invention reducesthc amount of skilled the loom considerably, these scale.

attained chiefly by the fact that the tuft yarn is no longer introduced and wound round the warps in the manner used in hand looms, that is to say, in lengths just sutlicient for the formation oit a knot-stitch, blltflS introduced during the weaving ofa groundfabric, the

tuft-yarn inser'ters acting for this purpose like real needlesthe threads of which are prepared iii-advance for each-needle, in accordance with the knot-stitch to be produced and so as to have a length sufiicient to reproduce a certain number of knot-stitcheswhich for the total arrangement oi threads corresponds to apredetermined number of identical patterns or designs. By this employment and preparation of needle threads: of

lengths suflicient for several knot-stitches in stead o'fa length sufficient for-one knot-stitch only, the manuallabour'is greatly reduced and the rapidity of production is greatlyim.

that the carpet of the pattern repeated on the carpet consists of 79 points or stitches in thetransverse direction, and a points orstitches creased. Assuming for the sake of example,

sively into operationand when the pattern is finished the whole series ofoperationsis re-. peated by the same inserter boxes or car'- 'rijers until thelengths of the needle threads are exhausted, which col-responds toarpre' determined number of identical patternsor motifs;

A loom embodying the various improve ments and-features of the invention is shown by way of example in the accompanying di agramniatic drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevationottth-cimproved. loom with part of thetram'e removed in order to showtheworking parts of the looin.

Fig. 2 is a partial view drawnto a larger scale of certain parts of 1 shown in a different position. I

3 is an end v ew partly in section of certain parts otthe loom, drawn to a larger 7 but in the opposite direction.

shafts 6, 7 and 8 carry various cams and showing the dented comb in three different vertical positions, and ating the shuttle-race.

Fig. 9 shows 111 elevation and partly in fllG 11162118 1 01 0331- section, the boxes containing the tuft-yarn inserters and the dented comb in the position corresponding to the commencement of the insertion of the tuft-yarns between the warps.

Fig. 10 is an end view of some of the parts shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 shows in elevation and partly in section the device for cuttin the finished tufts.

Fig. 12 shows in elevation and partly in section, the means for operating the table for holding the finished work and cutting the tufts.

Figs. 13 and 14 show thetable in two different positions.

Figs; 15 to 22 illustrate in plan views, the successive phases of the formation of a knota I I stltch that 1s, the insertion of the tuft-yarn bya needle and the winding of the yarn round the warps.

Referring to the drawings more particu larly Fig. 1, the frame of the loom comprises two lateral members 1, connected by cross members 2, 2 3, 3 and the stationary beams 4 and 5. In the frame are mounted two transverse shafts 6 and 7, which are operated independently of one another by gearing not shown, and serve for operating the various 7 working parts of the loom. A third transverse shaft 8 is operatively connected with the shaft 7 by intermeshing gears 9 and 10 so that it rotates simultaneously with shaft The said eccentrics for actuating the working parts of the loom. Shaft 6 operates the parts used for the formation of the knot-stitches, one revolution ofthe shaft corresponding to the movement of all the parts. required for insert ing the tuft-yarn and winding same round the warps. Shafts land 8' operate the parts effecting the ground weave. 7 During one revolution of these shafts, the shedding motion is actuated, the weft inserted and beaten up and the tuft-yarns are cut.

The tuft-yarn inserters 11 and the boxes or carriers 12 containing the inserters are more fully described in the applicants F I'eilCil Patent No. 581,024, filed-211d May, 192

The inserter boxes 12 are mounted on carriages 13 provided at their ends with projections 14 (Fig. 3) sliding in grooves of two guide members 15 arranged on both sides of the loom and connected together by cross ties 16 so as to form a rigid frame; The guide members 15 have a length sufficient to enable the carriages 13 of the inserter boxes to move a length sufficient for fully extending the tuft-yarn threaded into the inserters 11. p

Each guide member 15 is provided with two shoes or carriages 17 which are guided by means of projections 18 in grooves of guide members 19 fixed to or integral with the crossmembers 2 of the main frame. The two inserter boxes 12 are adapted to move towards and from one another in a direction at right angles to the plane ofthe warps, and they can also move simultaneously together with their guide members 15 in a direction parallel to the plane of the warps.

The movement of the inserter carriers or boxes along their guides 15 is effected by two pairs of chains 20 which are attached to the carriages 13 at 21. Thesetwo pairs of chains pass over pinions 22 mounted loosely upon shafts 23 fixed to the guides15, and pass also near the centre of the loom over pinions 2 1 keyed to shafts 25 and 26 rotatably mounted in bearings 27 carried by the guides 15. The shafts 25 and 26 are operatively connected by gears 28 and 29.

The shaft 25 carries in addition at one end, a fixed gear 30 which meshes with'a gear 31. 'Upon the shaft 33 of the gear 31 is mounted gear 32 which meshes with a toothed sector 3% (Fig. 2) mounted upon a shaft 35 which is actuated by arm 36, a pull rod 37, a lever 38 (Fig. l) pivotally mounted at 39 and carrying a roller 40 engaged by an eccentric keyed upon the shaft 6.

he movement of the two connected guides 15 in the transverse direction that is, parallel to the plane of the warps, is effected by two ciently wide so as to remain always in en gagement with the gear 31 whatever the transverse position of the frame 1516.

The device for selecting the warps-is pref erably combined with the slay or batten of the loom which for this purpose comprises the usual comb or reed 50 (Figs. 2 and 4) nounted in a frame 51 adapted to slide up and down in two guides 52 so that it may be lifted .into the nositiona Fi n 8 to allow the weft to be passed underneath or lowered into the F"8 tle fb' position Z) I 1g. ioi 1e purpose 0 ,eai 111g up he weft, or moved into an intermediate position 0 (Fig. 8) for selecting the warps. In the position 0 the batten is slightly below the plane in Which the tuft-yarnin serters move.

The frame 51 of'the'bat'ten is'fiXed at each end 53 to a connecting rod 54; actuated by lever 55" pivotally" mounted at 56', connecting rod 57 and lever 58pivotally mounted-at 59 an'dprovided'with a-roller 60' in contact with an eccentric keyed'to the shaft 6. and providedin addition with a'second roller 61 in contact with an eccentric keyed'to the shaft 7.

It will thus be seen that the up and down movement of the battenmaybe produced successivel'y by the twocontrol shafts 6 and 7. The rotation of the shaft 6'lifts the batten into the position 0' for selectingthe warps and maintains the'bat'ten in'this position. The shaft 7 lifts the batten into'the position a (Fig. 8) in which the'batten is above the coinciding windows 62 0f the main frame and the guide 52-through which the shuttle orother weft containing deviceis driven for passing the weft. The-shaft 7 also lowers the batten into the position 'b for beating up the weft by'the-reeds Of'the comb 50.

Underneath the comb' 50 are fixed on both sides of'the fiamehltwo dented selectors 6 3 (Fig. kl-which taketheplace of'the usual selector combs;

The projecting portions of the two selectors 63 are stag'geredrelatively to one another and they are placed in such a manner relatively to the reeds of the comb that the points of the dented members he in line with alternative reeds of the combs, this being clearly shown in Figs; etc 7 L The guides 52am pivotally mounted at their upper ends about fixed pivots 6 1 and receive an oscillating movement liy means of two connecting rods 65, two arms 66 keyed to an oscillating shaft 67 lever 68, pull rod 69, and lever 70 which is pivoted at 71 and carries a roller 72 incontact with an eccentric on-the shaft 6) The guides52' are guided at their lower ends' by meansof slots 52' engaging cross bars of the frame. By the oscillation ofthe comb 50, the two dented members 63 connected to theconib are-alternately brought into engagement with the warpsj Wher'ehy; adjacent warps are'brought close together and spaces arema'd'e-between two adjacent-pairs ofwarps-for thepassag'e of the tuft-yarn inserters. The groupings are clearly indicated inFigs. 5, 6, T' and 10. Fig. 6 shows the groupings d'e, f-g, 7i2' j/c, produced by the right ha'nd i'nember 63. Fig. 7 shows thegroupings (Z,' ef, gh; is, produced by the left hand member The intervals or spaces Z between the g'roupsare particularlyshown in Fig. 10. 'Fig; -5shows the normal position of the warps in the comb before the latter has'been moved into one; or other-selecting position.

g The clamping and cutting table- 7 3 (Fig. 12) serves for coveringthe finished row of stitches so as to avoid'the finishedtufts becoming-entangled with the tuft-yarns while 1 making the following row of stitches; The table also serves for retaining or clamping the free ends of the tuft-yarns after the first-insertion of the needles or inserters through the warps in orderto prevent the yarn from slip I ping during the remaining part of the stitch making operation, this position of the parts being indicatedin Fig. 14. The tableis pro vided with a member 74 against which the comb of'the cutting device strikes aswill be hereinafter explained. Y

The cutting and clamping table is carried by arms 7 5 guided by means of elongated slots 7 7 on fixed pivots 76 and. provided with rollers 7 Sin contact with an eccentric keyed to the shaft 6. The levers carry in addition roller 79 engaging elongated slots 80 of levers 81' which are pivoted at 82 and carry rollers 83 actuated by an eccentric keyed-to theshaftG. The combined effect of the two eccentrics acting upon the rollers 88 and 78 is to move the clamping table successively into the positions 7 8"74-. and 73 '74l shown in Figs. 18 and 1 1.

The cutting device 'ispreferably constituted by bracket 8st (Fig. :11) carrying a dove-tailed guide. member on which the cutting table (Fig-.11) after the knotting" operation has been completed. WVhen the cutting device is brought down, a comb fixed to the b'racketS' i rests against the'table and prevents movement of the yarns or threads during the cutting movement of the r J; knife. The movement 0.1 the knife from one end to'the other of the row of yarns is effected by means of a cable or cord 96 which passes over guide rollers 9798and-is-wound upon a drum 99 keyed to ashaft 100; This shaft is alternately rotated in opposite directions lit] for the purpose of cuttingthe threads or tuft-yarns and for returning the knife to its initial position, by means of a bevel gearing 101 102, a shaft 103 and two leatherstraps 104i fixed to the shaft and alternately operated by two levers 105 pivoted at 106 which carry rollers 107 actuated by corresponding cams or eccentrics of-thc shaft 7 1 and I The loom further comprises a movable comb 108' (Fig. 8') which constitutesi the shuttle race. that any other means for passing the weft It will however be understood maybe employedi The 1 combo'ccupiesduring the other operations, the posit-ion shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It may be moved horizontally intothe working position shown in Fig. 8, for which purpose it is mounted on two arms 109 sliding in fixed guides 110 of the frame. The comb is actuated by means of links 111 and levers 112 pivoted at 59 and carrying rol ers 113 in contact with eccentrics keyed to the shaft 8. y

In the described constructioi'i of the loom the warp arranged vertically and is let oil from a beam 11% arranged at the rear end of the loom. The warps then pass over two fixed beams and .5 whilst the finished fabric 116 passes over a roller or beam 115 and is allowed to drop into the base of the loom or is taken up in any other ionvenient way.

The means for lcttingott the varps, feeding the fabric, l'i'lflliing the shed and picking the shuttle, are not shown in the drawings. The y may be of any known kind and do not form part of the invention.

The means for chan ing the tuft-yarn ir.- serters after their op on are not shown. The inserters may be changed by hand after the loom has been stopped, or they may be changed automatically by means of a suitablev distributing device.

Various modifications and changes may be made in the means of operatingthe' loom Without departing from the spirit of the invention which consists broadly in producing simultaneously a whole row of knot-stitches by means of tuft-yarn inserters which are passed forwards and backwards through s lected warps and are each provided with a length of yarn suilicient for producing the repeat of the same carpet or pattern. The same yarn inserters might be utilized for feeding successively a certain number of looms producing the same carpets or carpets having the same pattern, for instance, he first inserter boX could after the first row of stitches has been made be passed on to a second loom for producing there the first row of stitches and so on.

The operation of the improved loom as above described with reference to the drawings is as follows: p

After thebox 12 has been supplied with the inserters and fixed upon the right hand carriers 13, the loom is started and the shaft 6 commences to rotate. The clampmg table is released and caused to cover the finished row drawing thetuft-yarns through the warps. At the same time the warps are released by the selector comb so that they rub against the tuft-yarns and somewhat brake their movementas shown in Fig. 16. The guides 15 then move laterally so as to move the twainserter boxes from the position AB into the position Ai -B The selector comb then oscillates into the position shown. in Fi 7 whereby the second grouping of warps is effected. The inserter boxes then again exchange their inserters and the latter are moved into the position A (Fig. 18). The two guides 15 again move laterally and the boxes are moved into the position A B (Fig. 18). The selector comb rests now in the second position shown in Fig. 7, and the inserters are again passed through the warp as indicated in Fig.1!) and are then drawn into the position B (Fig. 20). Theselector comb then oscillates and resumes its first position (Fig. 6). The guides then again move laterally so as'to return into the position i- L-B and the inserters are now for the last time changed fromone boX to theother and pass through the warps (Fig. 21) and finally After the shaft 6 has completed its rota- Q tion, it is stopped by suitable means and the shaftcommences its rotation, rotating with it the shaft 8. g I

The batten then rises into the position a (Fig. 8) the comb 108 advances into the warp which is now divided. for forming the shed by means of any suitable shedding device for instance, the healds 117. The weftis then passed and is beaten up by the batten which moves into the position b, the comb 108 being at the same time withdrawn. Another shed is then made and the shuttle returned, whilst the cut-- ting device descends and cuts the tufts along n-n (Fig. 22) whereupon the cutting device is raised. The batten now beats up the second weft and the fabric 116 is fed forward. Theloom is then again in its initial position and the whole cycle of operations is re peated with the neirt following inserter boxes which carry the inserters provided with the yarn coloursreq stitches.

What I claim is: V

11. A loom for the manufacture of pile fabrics, comprising a warp selecting reed, tuft-inserting means for winding tuft-yarn around warp threads, said tuft-yarn inserting means being adapted to form a plurality of knots from a single length of yarn, a guide on which said reed is adapted to slide towards and from theyarntuft inserting means, said guide being oscillatable about uired forth'e next row of a pivot at one end of the guide. 7

2. A mechanlcally operated loo n for the manufacture of pile fabric comprising warp selecting reed, and tuft yarn inserting means for winding tuft-yarn around warp threads, said tuft yarn inserting means ing adapted to form a plurality of knots from a single length of yarn, in combination with a table which covers the last finished row of stitches and serves for holding the free ends of the suspended tuft-yarns during the formation of the knot-stitches permit the yarns or threads to be properly tightened round the warps, substantially as described.

3. A mechanically operated loom for the manufacture of pile fabric comprising a warp selecting reed, and tuft yarn inserting means for winding tuft-yarn around warp threads said tuft yarn inserting means being adapted to form a plurality of knots from a single length of yarn, in combination with a clamping table for holdingthe free ends of the tuft-yarns, and a knife moved along the clamping table whilst the latter still holds the free ends of the yarns, said knife being mounted upon a support adapted to slide along a bar mounted on oscillating levers, the portions of the yarns leading to the inserters being held by a comb integral with or. fixed to the bar carrying the knife, said comb resting upon the top of the clamping table, substantially as described.

4. A loom as claimed in claim 1, in conr bination with a weft containing shuttle adapted to be passedthrough the warps by means of a guide adapted to be inserted into and withdrawn from the warps, suitable openings or windows being provided for the passage of the shuttle in the frame of the loom and in the reed and its oscillating guides, substantially as described.

5. A mechanically operated loom for the manufacture of pile fabric comprising a warp selecting reed, and tuft yarn inserting means for winding tuft-yarn around warp threads, said tuft yarn inserting means being adapted to form a plurality of knots from a single length of yarn, in combination with endless chains for reciprocating the tuft-inserting means, said chains being actuated by toothed gearing and a toothed oscillating sector, the latter being operated by an oscillating lever, and a cam for oscillating said lever.

6. A loom for the manufacture of pile fabrics comprising a warp selecting reed, tuft-yarn inserting means for winding tuftyarn around warp threads, said tuft-yarn inserting means being adapted to form a plurality of knots from a single length of yarn, means for movably supporting said reed; means for moving said reed towards and from said tuft-yarn inserting means and means for oscillating said reed about a pivotal axis.

7 A loom as claimed in claim 6 in which said reed is provided with dented members arranged below the reed to serve as the warp selectors.

8. A loom for the manufacture of pile fabric comprising a combined warp selecting and weft beating means, tuft yarn inserting means for winding tuft yarn around warp threads, said tuft-yarn inserting means being adapted to form a plurality of knots from a single length of yarn, means for movably supporting said combined warp selecting and weft beating means and means to move said combined warp selecting and weft beating means up and down for vertically beating the weft threads and means in one vertical position of the combined warp selecting and weft beating means to oscillate it on a pivotal axis to effect a selection reed to serve as warp selectors, said oscillating means acting to alternately bring into operation said dented members.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

PAUL VENAIL. 

